Stacked ESS

What is service stacking using ESS?

Service stacking using ESS for grid applications Service stacking, alternatively value stacking or revenue stacking, is a promising method to optimize and maximize the technical and economic potential of an ESS. The aim is to find one or more additional services which the ESS can provide, besides of the main service.

Where can ESS be found?

As can be seen in Fig. 1, ESS can be found throughout the entire power system. Depending on the location and connection point of the storage, some services will be available meanwhile others might be unavailable. Services that are location-sensitive are e.g. voltage support, RES integration and congestion relief.

What services can be bundled with an ESS?

Since several of the services are similar or goes together, they could sometimes be bundled e.g., RES integration may include capacity firming, load following and time shift. In the literature there are plenty of possible services available to offer for an ESS.

Do ESS services generate income?

In primary and secondary distribution grids, some of the ESS services don't generate income in the same way as traditional market participation e.g., ramp rate control of RES or voltage control in long/weak feeders or in feeders with high shares of RES.

What services are available for ESS operators?

Available services for ESSs operators to provide to the electric power system changes as the system and the markets are dynamic, and as new services arise due to changed legislation as well as structural system changes.

How ESS is dimensioned?

The dimensioning of an ESS is logically done according to the main service. An ESS providing an energy demanding main service will be dimensioned as an energy-bulk storage with low C-rating. The opposite is valid for a power demanding main service. One interesting approach is to consider service stacking already during the dimensioning process.