Ratio of crude oil output to energy storage

What is the net energy return ratio of oil fields?

We examine 40 global oilfields, utilizing detailed data for each field from hundreds of technical and scientific data sources. Resulting net energy return (NER) ratios for studied oil fields range from ≈2 to ≈100 MJ crude oil produced per MJ of total fuels consumed.

What is energy return on investment (EROI) for oil production?

Model to Investigate Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Implications of Refining Petroleum: Impacts of Crude Quality and Refinery Configuration. Environ Sci Technol. 2012;46:13037–13047. pmid:23013493 Studies of the energy return on investment (EROI) for oil production generally rely on aggregated statistics for large regions or countries.

Is crude oil a major source of energy?

Introduction Crude oil has remained dominant in the world energy supply over the past half century (Zhang et al., 2015). In 2017, crude oil constituted 34.21% of the total primary energy supply, which is greater than the share contributed by any other energy source (BP, 2018).

When should energy-return-on-investment ratios be measured?

However, such ratios are measured at the primary energy stage and should instead be estimated at the final stage where energy enters the economy (for example, electricity and petrol). Here, we calculate global time series (1995–2011) energy-return-on-investment ratios for fossil fuels at both primary and final energy stages.

How does energy use affect crude oil production?

Energy use at a given oilfield is dependent on the geological properties of the oilfield, properties of the produced crude, and technologies applied. Complex relationships exist between these parameters and the energy used in producing a crude oil.

How do we estimate the energy used at each oilfield?

In order to estimate the energy used at each oilfield, we employ the Oil Production Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimator (OPGEE), an open-source tool developed for assessing climate impacts from oil production [ 27, 28 ].